Final answer:
In the cis Golgi, proteins and lipids from the ER undergo modifications like glycosylation, where sugar chains are added, and sometimes they are tagged with phosphate groups for proper sorting.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cis Golgi is responsible for the initial modifications of proteins and lipids that are delivered from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). During the first steps within the cis Golgi, two significant modifications typically occur: (1) The addition of short chains of sugar molecules, which is a process known as glycosylation. This modification leads to the creation of glycoproteins and glycolipids. (2) Sometimes, proteins are tagged with phosphate groups as a marker for sorting to their specific destinations, such as lysosomes or the cell surface.