Final answer:
A communicable disease can spread between individuals, and its portals of entry and exit refer to the ways in which the disease enters and leaves the body. Modes of transmission determine how the disease is spread, and prevention and control can be achieved through immunization.
Step-by-step explanation:
A communicable disease is one that can be transmitted from person to person or from animals to humans, while a noncommunicable disease cannot be spread between individuals. In the case of a communicable disease, the portals of entry and exit refer to the ways in which the disease enters and leaves the body. For example, the respiratory system can serve as a portal of entry for diseases like influenza, while coughing or sneezing can serve as a portal of exit. Modes of transmission refer to how the disease is spread between individuals, such as through direct contact, airborne droplets, or contaminated food and water. Prevention and control of communicable diseases often involve immunization, which is the process of administering a vaccine to stimulate an immune response and protect against the disease. Immunization helps to prevent the spread of communicable diseases by building immunity in individuals and reducing the potential for transmission.