Final answer:
The two branches of the adaptive immune system are B cells and T cells. B cells are involved in humoral immunity, while T cells are involved in cellular immunity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two specific branches of the adaptive immune system are B lymphocytes (B cells) and T lymphocytes (T cells). B cells are involved in humoral immunity, which is the production and secretion of antibodies that bind to antigens and neutralize pathogens. T cells are involved in cellular immunity, which includes directly attacking infected cells and regulating immune responses.