Final answer:
The cerebral cortex is divided into specific functional areas known as Brodmann's areas. These areas are associated with different cognitive functions, including visual processing, memory, and executive functions, which are categorized by distinct lobes of the cerebral cortex.
Step-by-step explanation:
Some areas of the cerebral cortex are dedicated to specific functions, a principle known as localization of function. In the early 20th century, Korbinian Brodmann, a German neuroscientist, conducted detailed studies of the cerebral cortex's microscopic anatomy, leading to the identification of Brodmann's areas. These areas are still recognized for their unique histological features and are associated with distinct anatomical and functional roles within the brain. For instance, Areas 17 and 18 in the occipital lobe handle primary visual processing.
The cerebral cortex is also involved in high-level functions such as memory, attention, language, and conscious perception. Specific regions govern these functions and are grouped into lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital. Moreover, the prefrontal area of the frontal lobe is responsible for executive functions and working memory, crucial for goal-directed behavior and attention.