Final answer:
Augustus offered substantial assistance to the urban poor through job creation, free grain, and entertainment, as well as establishing key services like police and fire departments. He also reformed the legion to include regular pay and benefits.
Step-by-step explanation:
For the urban poor, Augustus provided significant help. His contributions included a vast building program which provided jobs, free grain as well as free entertainment like gladiator combats and chariot races, known as "bread and circuses." Additionally, Augustus established a permanent police force and a fire department, and he reorganized the Roman legions, offering regular pay and retirement benefits. Despite considering the discontinuation of the grain dole, he maintained it considering the importance for the people's support. For the rest of the empire, his policies helped spread Roman culture and provided land for discharged veterans, showing a comprehensive approach to governance that considered various societal needs.