Final answer:
The scientific name for modern humans is Homo sapiens.
Other human species like Neanderthals and Homo erectus have either gone extinct or merged with our lineage.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nomenclature follows the binomial system developed by Linnaeus, which entails a two-part name consisting of the genus and the specific epithet.
Modern humans belong to the genus Homo and have the specific species name sapiens, which is Latin for 'wise'. However, despite the connotations of this name, the wisdom of humans can be a subject of debate.
There have been other human species, such as Homo neanderthalensis (Neanderthals) and Homo erectus, which have either become extinct or merged through interbreeding.
Modern humans are classified within the family Hominidae, in the order Primates, and belong to the class Mammalia, within the phylum Chordata, of the kingdom Animalia, within the domain Eukarya.