Final answer:
The need for supplemental oxygen in a newborn can be determined based on the Apgar score and signs/symptoms of distress. Medical advances have improved support for newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) through various treatments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The need for supplemental oxygen in a newborn can be determined by assessing their Apgar score, which evaluates the baby's heart rate, respiration, muscle tone, reflexes, and skin color. If the Apgar score is below 7 at the 5-minute mark, it may indicate the need for medical assistance. Scores below 5 are considered an emergency situation. Additionally, signs and symptoms such as temperature instability, apnea, bradycardia, and hypotension may also indicate the need for supplemental oxygen.
Medical advances have improved the ability to support newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) through treatments such as resuscitation, intubation, ventilators, nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and administration of pulmonary surfactant. Other therapies like corticosteroids, supplemental oxygen, and assisted ventilation may also be used.