Final answer:
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) is the Supreme Court case that confirmed the US government's authority to regulate business by supporting federal implied powers and declaring that states cannot tax the federal government.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Supreme Court case that established and secured the powers of the US government to regulate business and its interests is McCulloch v. Maryland (1819). In this landmark decision, the Court affirmed federal power over state jurisdictions by declaring that the federal government had implied powers, allowing it to create the Second Bank of the United States. This decision, alongside the principle of national supremacy, barred states from taxing the federal entity, establishing strong authority for the government to regulate economic affairs within constitutional bounds.