Final answer:
Ivan Pavlov is best known for his experiments in classical conditioning with dogs. He paired a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that naturally elicits a response, and the dogs learned to associate the neutral stimulus with the response. This is a process of learning to associate stimuli and anticipate events.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ivan Pavlov, a Russian scientist, performed extensive research on dogs and is best known for his experiments in classical conditioning. Classical conditioning is a process by which we learn to associate stimuli and anticipate events. Pavlov's experiments with dogs involved pairing a neutral stimulus, such as the sound of a bell, with a stimulus that naturally elicits a response, such as food. Over time, the dogs learned to associate the bell with the food and started salivating at the sound of the bell alone.