Final answer:
Bernard Kettlewell tested Tutt's hypothesis about peppered moths through field observations and experiments. He found that the dark-colored moths were better camouflaged in the sooty environment, supporting Tutt's hypothesis of natural selection. Kettlewell's findings provided evidence for directional selection in peppered moths based on camouflage.
Step-by-step explanation:
Bernard Kettlewell tested Tutt's hypothesis about peppered moths through a series of experiments and observations in the field. He studied the population of peppered moths in industrial areas of England, where the trees were covered in soot due to the Industrial Revolution. Kettlewell observed that the dark-colored peppered moths were better camouflaged against the sooty environment and therefore had a higher survival rate compared to the light-colored moths. He conducted experiments by releasing moths onto tree trunks with different colors of backgrounds, and found that the moths that matched the background color were less likely to be eaten by predators.
One of Kettlewell's most famous experiments involved marking moths with different colors and releasing them into the wild. He found that the marked moths that matched the background color of their environment were more likely to survive and reproduce. This supported Tutt's hypothesis of natural selection acting on the coloration of peppered moths in response to the changing environment.
In conclusion, Bernard Kettlewell used field observations and experiments to test Tutt's hypothesis about peppered moths. His findings demonstrated that the color of the moth population shifted from light to dark as the Industrial Revolution progressed, providing evidence for directional selection based on camouflaging against environmental changes.