Final answer:
The Theory Y management approach, developed by Douglas McGregor, emphasizes managing the whole organization by assuming employees are internally motivated, encouraging participation, and valuing personal development.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theory that emphasized how to manage the whole organization, and not just individual tasks, was developed by Douglas McGregor and is known as Theory Y. This management approach is part of a broader category of human relations theories that focus on the motivations and growth of individuals within a company. Unlike Theory X, which takes a more authoritarian and control-based approach, Theory Y assumes that employees are internally motivated and will seek out responsibility and fulfillment through their work.
Managers operating under Theory Y encourage employee input and participation in decision-making, fostering a workplace environment that values collaboration, creativity, and the personal development of workers. This stands in contrast to the scientific management approach, which prioritizes efficiency and productivity without as much regard for worker satisfaction.