Final answer:
The axon and soma have two key distinguishing features: function and structure.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two features that distinguish an axon from the soma are:
- Function: The axon is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses from the neuron to other cells, whereas the soma (cell body) contains the nucleus and organelles and is involved in receiving and integrating signals.
- Structure: The axon is a single, long fiber that extends from the soma, while the soma has multiple extensions called dendrites that receive signals from other neurons.
These differences in function and structure allow the axon and soma to perform distinct roles in the nervous system.