Final answer:
Speciation can be slow (gradual speciation) or rapid (punctuated equilibrium). Examples of gradual speciation include Darwin's finches, while the Cambrian explosion is an example of punctuated equilibrium.
Step-by-step explanation:
In terms of speciation, there are two patterns observed - gradual speciation and punctuated equilibrium. Gradual speciation occurs when species diverge at a slow and steady pace over a long period of time, with traits changing incrementally. An example of gradual speciation is the divergence of the finches in the Galapagos Islands studied by Charles Darwin. On the other hand, punctuated equilibrium is characterized by rapid divergence followed by long periods of stability with little change. An example of punctuated equilibrium is the Cambrian explosion, where many new species emerged during a relatively short period of time.