Final answer:
Malcolm X's speech utilizes ethos, pathos, and logos; ethos through his leadership role, pathos by focusing on emotional events, and logos with logical arguments on the importance of voting.
Step-by-step explanation:
Malcolm X's speech "The Ballot or the Bullet" effectively employs ethos, pathos, and logos to communicate his message. Malcolm X uses ethos by establishing credibility with his audience through his reputation as a leader and an advocate for African American rights. His personal transformation and pilgrimage to Mecca, where he learned about racial equality in orthodox Islam, further strengthen his appeal to ethos. Malcolm X also employs pathos by addressing the emotions of his audience when discussing police violence, acts of terrorism, and the ongoing struggle for civil rights, encouraging African Americans to claim their self-esteem and power. Lastly, he uses logos by presenting logical arguments, including his position on the importance of voting to achieve African American goals and the potential dire consequences of being forced into using violence if their voting rights continue to be denied.