Final answer:
A void created in a rock mass for the purpose of extracting ore is typically referred to as a mine, leaving behind spaces such as tunnels, shafts, and open pits.
Step-by-step explanation:
A void created in a rock mass for the purpose of extracting ore is typically referred to as a mine. The process involves removing the valuable ore from the surrounding rock, which can be achieved either by underground or surface mining techniques.
When miners extract the ore, they leave behind a network of tunnels, shafts, and sometimes large open pits, which represent the negative space where the ore used to reside.
In regards to geological formations, a lava flow from a volcano that hardens into rock or the sideways and downward movement of the edge of a plate of the earth's crust are related processes but distinct from mining.
Similarly, features like faults, such as the hanging wall and footwall, and aspects such as porosity and permeability of rocks are relevant in the study of geologic structures and groundwater movement but do not describe the specific void left by ore extraction.