Final answer:
The long-term consequences of Walter Raleigh's colonization efforts at Roanoke included learning from failed diplomatic and logistical strategies, which helped inform successful future colonies. The spread of diseases to Native Americans and delayed efforts due to Raleigh's imprisonment also marked this period.
Step-by-step explanation:
The English attempts to colonize Roanoke Island under Sir Walter Raleigh resulted in long-term consequences that shaped future endeavors in North America. After Raleigh's fall from favor and subsequent imprisonment, England's colonization efforts were delayed. However, the failed colony at Roanoke provided important lessons. The English learned that successful colonization required diplomacy and good relations with Native Americans, lessons which were later applied to more successful colonies, such as Jamestown.
Additionally, the spread of disease by colonists had a devastating impact on the native population, souring relations and contributing to hostilities. When Sir Humphrey Gilbert and later John White attempted colonization, such setbacks reinforced the need for better-planned and supplied missions. The mystery surrounding the fate of the Roanoke colonists, indicated by the sole clue, 'Croatoan', also created a legacy of intrigue and speculation about early English colonization efforts.
Upon the death of Queen Elizabeth I in 1603, no permanent English colony had been established in North America, but later successes can be partly attributed to understanding and rectifying the mistakes made during Raleigh's attempts.