Final answer:
The genetic form of albinism in the Hopi population is likely due to a mutation in the gene for melanin production on chromosome 15, which affects melanosome synthesis leading to a lack of pigmentation in skin, hair, and eyes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The form of albinism found in the Hopis is most likely due to a defect in the gene responsible for melanin production located on chromosome 15. Albinism is a genetic disorder characterized by a lack of melanin, the pigment that colors skin, hair, and eyes. This condition arises from mutations in genes involved in melanin synthesis. When the gene for the enzyme that converts tyrosine to melanin is dysfunctional, melanin is not produced, leading to albinism.
In the context of the Hopi population, the specific gene on chromosome 15 relates to melanosome synthesis, which affects skin pigmentation. The mutation involved could affect a single amino acid, and it displays codominance with the wild-type gene. This indicates that both the mutated and normal genes can be expressed together, which is notable in patterns of inheritance among populations.
Albinism does not directly affect lifespan but does necessitate certain precautions. Individuals with albinism require protection against UV radiation due to their increased risk of sunburns and skin cancer. They also experience higher light sensitivity and vision problems. Treatment for albinism focuses on managing symptoms, like minimizing UV exposure.