Final answer:
In the case United States v. Todd Newman and Anthony Chiasson, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals held that for a defendant-tippee to be criminally liable, she must have the requisite mens rea to receive a personal benefit in exchange for that information.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the case United States v. Todd Newman and Anthony Chiasson, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals held that for a defendant-tippee to be criminally liable, she must have the requisite mens rea to receive a personal benefit in exchange for that information.
In this case, the defendants were found guilty of insider trading because they received non-public information and had knowledge that the information was obtained in violation of a fiduciary duty. The court concluded that the tippee must know that the tipper breached their duty by disclosing the information for personal gain.
Therefore, the correct answer is:
a. defendant-tippee; criminally liable; mens rea