Final answer:
Severe hyperkalemia or hyperkalemia with EKG changes can be treated with calcium gluconate, insulin and glucose, and sodium bicarbonate.
Step-by-step explanation:
Severe hyperkalemia or hyperkalemia with EKG changes can be treated with all of the above options: a) Calcium gluconate, b) Insulin and glucose, and c) Sodium bicarbonate.
Severe hyperkalemia can lead to dangerous cardiac arrhythmias and EKG changes. Calcium gluconate is used to stabilize the cardiac membrane and prevent life-threatening arrhythmias. Insulin and glucose help shift potassium from the extracellular fluid into the cells, reducing its concentration in the blood. Sodium bicarbonate can be used to correct acidosis, as acidosis can worsen hyperkalemia.