Final answer:
Discrepancies between Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium calculations and observed genetic analysis suggest that a population is undergoing evolutionary changes, due to factors like mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, and natural selection.
Step-by-step explanation:
When the Hardy-Weinberg Equation does not match genetic analysis, it implies that one or more of the five conditions required for a population to be at genetic equilibrium are not being met. Specifically, these conditions are no mutations, no migration, very large population size, random mating, and no natural selection. Discrepancies between the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and genetic analysis may indicate that evolutionary forces such as mutation, genetic drift, gene flow (migration), and natural selection are acting on the population, causing it to evolve.