Final answer:
Shays' Rebellion was the primary cause of the Annapolis Convention, underscoring the ineffectiveness of the Confederation government and leading to the Constitutional Convention. The Connecticut Compromise resolved the issue of representation during the drafting of the U.S. Constitution.
Step-by-step explanation:
The primary cause of the Annapolis Convention was Shays' Rebellion. This event was a significant factor in calling for a constitutional convention as it highlighted the weaknesses of the Confederation government. Shays' Rebellion, an uprising led by Massachusetts farmer Daniel Shays, involved high taxes, crushing debt, and foreclosures that affected many farmers.
The rebellion not only showcased the need for a stronger central government but also spurred the realization that the Articles of Confederation needed amending, leading to the organization of the Constitutional Convention.
Concerning the Constitutional Convention, the issue of representation was resolved by the Connecticut Compromise (also known as the Great Compromise), which established a bicameral legislature with proportional representation in the lower house (House of Representatives) and equal representation in the upper house (Senate).