Final answer:
During the 1925 Scopes Trial in Tennessee, the major social movements in conflict were belief in science versus fundamentalism, with the trial becoming symbolic of the culture wars between conservative Christian fundamentalists and modernists.
Step-by-step explanation:
The major social movements that came into conflict during the 1925 trial of John Scopes in Tennessee were belief in science versus fundamentalism. This cultural battle is historically significant as it represented the contrasting ideologies of the time, with conservative Christian fundamentalists on one side and the modernists, who usually supported more secular and liberal viewpoints, on the other. The trial, known as the Scopes Monkey Trial, became a symbolic struggle over education, the legitimacy of scientific theories like evolution, and the degree to which religious beliefs should influence public policy and schooling. The trial, with William Jennings Bryan defending the anti-evolution law and Clarence Darrow representing Scopes, drew national attention and underlined the ongoing "culture war" between traditional values and modern progressivism.