Final answer:
Twin primes are pairs of prime numbers that have a difference of exactly two. This mathematical concept is studied in number theory and is unrelated to the twin paradox in physics or biological twins in genetics.
Step-by-step explanation:
Twin primes are pairs of prime numbers that are very close to each other, specifically, they are two prime numbers that differ by only two. An example of twin primes is (11, 13). They are called 'twin' because they come in pairs, similar to how human twins are two individuals born at the same birth. Twin primes are a significant subject in number theory, an area of mathematics that deals with properties and relationships of numbers, especially integers.
In the context of twin primes, only the integer 2 separates these pairs—which is the smallest possible even gap separating two odd numbers, since any two odd numbers differing by an even number greater than 2 cannot both be prime (as one of them must be divisible by 2). Like human twins who share similarity yet remain distinct individuals, twin primes are pairs of numbers that have a close relationship in value. The concept is purely mathematical and should not be confused with the twin paradox from physics, which is associated with the counterintuitive nature of time in a relativistic context, nor with biological twins referenced in studies of genetics or development.