Final answer:
A loose mixture of rock fragments, organic material, water, and air that supports vegetation growth is called soil, which is crucial for plant life and the foundation of terrestrial ecosystems.
Step-by-step explanation:
A loose mixture of rock fragments, organic material, water, and air that can support the growth of vegetation is known as soil. Soil consists of four major components: inorganic mineral matter, organic matter, water, and air, as well as living matter like microorganisms.
It forms the foundation of terrestrial ecosystems, playing a crucial role in plant growth by providing nutrients, supporting structure, and aiding in water retention and drainage. Additionally, soil is involved in various biological, chemical, and physical processes, including circulation and purification of water, supporting soil microorganisms, and facilitating the breakdown of organic materials.