Question

according to george lakoff, cognitive linguist, the first level of messages is the articulation of core values including all of the following except: a. fairness b. justice c. self-righteousness d. human dignity e. none of these

Answer 1

George Lakoff's first level of messages articulates core values such as fairness, justice, and human dignity, but not self-righteousness, which is not typically included among these core values.

Step-by-step explanation:

According to George Lakoff, a cognitive linguist, the first level of messages includes the articulation of core values; however, the option 'self-righteousness' is not typically considered one of these core values. Core values mentioned by Lakoff and other scholars in the context of social justice include fairness, justice, and human dignity. These values align with the broader goals of communitarianism and social and economic inclusion, as noted by academics like University of Cape Town professor Vivien Taylor and University of Chicago professor Martha Nussbaum, who emphasize the importance of social solidarity, economic inclusion, and cooperative living to ensure dignity and fair treatment for all individuals within a community.

Answer 2

George Lakoff's first level of messages articulates core values such as fairness, justice, and human dignity, but not self-righteousness, which clashes with the spirit of community and social justice emphasized in his cognitive linguistic framework. Therefore, the correct option is A,B, D.

Step-by-step explanation:

According to cognitive linguist George Lakoff, the first level of messages involves the articulation of core values such as fairness, justice, and human dignity. The option self-righteousness does not align with the core values Lakoff emphasizes in his work. Lakoff's perspective reflects a recognition of the importance of communitarian values and social solidarity over individualistic notions such as competitiveness and survival of the fittest. These principles align closely with the concepts espoused by scholars who call for greater emphasis on social justice, economic inclusion, and respect for human dignity.