Question

How do extracellular chemical messengers bring about cell response by signal transduction? (3).

a) Receptor binding, signal amplification, response activation
b) DNA replication, protein synthesis, cell division
c) Ion channel opening, neurotransmitter release, membrane depolarization
d) Endocytosis, exocytosis, cellular respiration

Answer 1

Extracellular chemical messengers bring about cell response by signal transduction through receptor binding, signal amplification, and response activation.

Step-by-step explanation:

Extracellular chemical messengers bring about cell response by signal transduction through a series of events in the cell. The process starts with the binding of the extracellular chemical messenger, or ligand, to a receptor on the cell's plasma membrane. This binding activates the receptor, which then triggers a signaling pathway or cascade, involving various proteins and second messengers, to transmit the signal to the cell's interior. Finally, the signal leads to a specific cellular response, such as changes in gene expression, metabolism, or cell growth.