Final answer:
The brief period of reduced training load prior to competition is known as tapering, which helps athletes recover and prepare for optimal performance.
Step-by-step explanation:
A brief period of reduced training load prior to competition is known as tapering. Tapering involves gradually decreasing the volume and intensity of training to allow the body to recover and prepare for optimal performance. This practice is commonly used by athletes in various sports, including swimming, running, and cycling, to ensure they are at peak physical condition on the day of competition. By reducing training load, athletes can reduce fatigue, enhance muscle recovery, and improve their overall performance in the upcoming event.