Final answer:
Translocation is the process that involves the movement of the mRNA with respect to the ribosome. It occurs during protein synthesis and is characterized by the ribosome moving along the mRNA strand in the 3' end direction.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process that involves the movement of the mRNA with respect to the ribosome is called translocation.
During translocation, the ribosome moves along the mRNA strand in the 3' end direction, shifting the codons and their associated tRNAs with it.
This process is facilitated by factors such as G protein, GTP, and translocase (elongation factor-G).