Final answer:
The term used for the actions a retailer takes to correct a service failure is Service recovery. It focuses on rectifying the problem to retain customer satisfaction, distinguished from other related but different concepts such as Customer service, Quality service, and Service process.
Step-by-step explanation:
The specific term for the action a retailer makes to address a service failure is B. Service recovery. Service recovery strategies are the actions taken by a company to rectify a problem following a service failure, with the goal of retaining customer loyalty and satisfaction. This differs from Customer service, which refers to the overall support provided to customers before, during, and after a purchase; Quality service, which relates to the overall quality and standards provided in delivering services; and Service process, which is the sequence of actions taken to ensure service delivery.