Question

Brain regions directly or indirectly involved in the control of respiration include __________.

a) pons
b) hypothalamus
c) medulla
d) all of the above

Answer 1

The brain regions involved in the control of respiration include the pons, hypothalamus, and medulla.

Step-by-step explanation:

The brain regions directly or indirectly involved in the control of respiration include the pons, hypothalamus, and medulla.

The pons is part of the brainstem and contains respiratory centers that control the muscles involved in breathing, such as the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.

The hypothalamus and other regions associated with the limbic system are involved in regulating respiration in response to emotions, pain, and temperature.

The medulla, located in the brainstem, is responsible for unconscious control of breathing and contains respiratory centers as well.