Final answer:
The relationship between selection differential, response to selection, and heritability is described by the breeders' equation: R = h² × S, indicating that the response to selection is highest when heritability and the selection differential are high.
Step-by-step explanation:
The relationship between selection differential (S), response to selection (R), and heritability (h²) is encapsulated by the breeders' equation, which is R = h² × S. This equation indicates that the response to selection is the product of heritability and the selection differential. The selection differential describes the difference in phenotype between the selected individuals and the general population, while heritability quantifies the proportion of phenotypic variation in a population that is due to genetic variance. It is therefore correct to say that the response to selection is highest when both heritability and the selection differential are high, as both factors contribute to the potential for evolutionary change through natural selection.