Final answer:
The term 'Iron Triangle' describes the close relationship and symbiotic interaction between interest groups, Congress, and the bureaucracy, often leading to policy-making that benefits all three entities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The close relationship between interest groups, Congress, and the bureaucracy is known as the Iron Triangle. This term refers to the strong, stable relationships and patterns of interaction that occur among an agency, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees. Within an Iron Triangle, these entities forge a mutually beneficial relationship: the interest group provides electoral support and policy information, the Congressional committee offers policy-making power and sometimes funding or beneficial legislation, and the bureaucracy (or agency) carries out and enforces policy, often with input from the interest group that helps it fine-tune its actions.
An aspect of Iron Triangles is a 'symbiotic relationship' among Congressional committees, executive agencies, and interest groups, which allows them to dominate certain policy areas, and makes it difficult for outside interests to break into these influential circles.