Final answer:
Reconstruction had both positive and negative effects on Southern society. The establishment of African American churches and schools played a crucial role in empowering the Black community.Thr correct option is (b).
Step-by-step explanation:
Reconstruction had mixed effects on Southern society, with both positive and negative outcomes.
On the positive side, the establishment of African American churches and schools played an important role in empowering the Black community and providing them with educational opportunities.
These institutions became centers of social and economic development. However, Reconstruction also led to the rise of sharecropping, as many African Americans turned to this form of labor due to limited economic opportunities and the loss of land ownership. S
harecropping perpetuated a cycle of poverty and economic dependence. Additionally, the formation of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) during this period posed a significant threat to African Americans, as the Klan used violence and intimidation to suppress their rights and freedoms.