Final answer:
Management is distinct from leadership by its focus on achieving organizational goals through rewards and punishments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The focus of management, as distinct from leadership, is on achieving organizational goals through a system of rewards and punishments. Managers who follow a Theory X approach believe that employees need to be closely monitored and controlled to ensure they work hard enough to meet the organization's goals. On the other hand, managers who adopt a Theory Y approach believe that employees seek self-fulfillment and are motivated by intrinsic factors. In Theory Y workplaces, employees are given the autonomy to participate in decision-making and set their own goals.