Final answer:
The categories mentioned in the question are related to the U.S. Social Security benefits program, including qualifying child, qualifying relative, standard deduction, and surviving spouse.
Step-by-step explanation:
The categories mentioned in the question are related to the U.S. Social Security benefits program. The first category, qualifying child, refers to a child who meets certain criteria to be considered a dependent for tax purposes. The second category, qualifying relative, refers to an individual who meets certain criteria, such as having a certain level of income or being supported by the taxpayer, to be considered a dependent for tax purposes. The standard deduction is a specific amount of income that is not subject to income tax, and it varies depending on the taxpayer's filing status. Lastly, a surviving spouse is someone who is widowed and eligible to receive Social Security benefits based on their deceased spouse's work record.