Final answer:
Effective leaders exhibit characteristics such as being a team player, having effective communication skills, and being self-confident.
Step-by-step explanation:
The characteristics of effective leaders include being a team player, having effective communication skills, and being self-confident. (D) All of the above are characteristics of effective leaders. Being a team player means working well with others and collaborating towards a common goal. Effective communication involves being able to convey information clearly and actively listening to others. Self-confidence is important because it allows leaders to make decisions and take action with conviction.
For instance, a democratic leader would engage the team in the decision-making process to build consensus, while an authoritarian leader would typically issue orders and define tasks explicitly. A laissez-faire leader, conversely, would allow the team members to operate independently, guiding themselves based on their own decisions and expertise.