Final answer:
Phrenology is the science of determining human disposition based on distinctions in the skull. It aimed to map the cranium to specific human attributes and believed that the size and shape of the cranium could reveal the strengths and weaknesses of the mind's faculties. However, phrenology has been discredited as a pseudoscience. Thus, the correct option is A.
Step-by-step explanation:
The science of determining human disposition based on distinctions (bumps) in the skull is called phrenology. It was an early type of science that aimed to map the cranium to specific human attributes.
Phrenologists believed that the size and shape of the cranium could reveal the strengths and weaknesses of the mind's thirty-seven "faculties".
However, phrenology has been discredited as a pseudoscience due to lack of empirical support.