Final answer:
Mass media has helped create an incipient women's movement in Sweden, Switzerland, Belgium, Iceland, Denmark, The Netherlands, Afghanistan, China, Nigeria, and the Philippines by showcasing alternative gender relationships and contributing to the discourse on gender equality.
Step-by-step explanation:
In answering the question of in which countries mass media has helped create an incipient women's movement by showing alternative gender relationships, the text identifies several examples.
In European nations such as Sweden, Switzerland, Belgium, Iceland, Denmark, and The Netherlands, more liberal attitudes towards sex, including in media representations, have been linked to the avoidance of certain social problems and the promotion of sexual freedom.
Another example given is the influence of the Me Too movement that originated in the United States and spread internationally, prompting dialogue and change in at least 28 other countries, including Afghanistan, China, Nigeria, and the Philippines.
Despite encountering varying local reactions and sometimes backlash, the movement's influence signifies how media can play a role in fostering international movements for gender equality.
It's also noted that during the 1960s and 1970s in the United States, women banded together to voice their dissatisfaction with the gender discrimination they experienced.
This expression of solidarity and shared experience through media facilitated the women's movement, ultimately impacting politics and societal norms both within the US and globally, as in Iraq and Afghanistan.