Final answer:
The hormone produced in higher amounts during the ovarian luteal phase is progesterone, which is secreted by the corpus luteum. Progesterone and estrogen are produced in the ovaries, while FSH and LH are produced by the pituitary gland.
Step-by-step explanation:
The hormone that is produced in higher amounts during the ovarian luteal phase is progesterone. This hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum, which forms in the ovary after ovulation. Progesterone is critical in maintaining the endometrium (the lining of the uterus), preparing it for potential implantation of a fertilized egg and maintaining a pregnancy.
During the ovarian and menstrual reproductive cycles, FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (Luteinizing hormone) are actually produced by the pituitary gland, not the ovaries, while estrogen and progesterone are produced in the ovaries. The surge in LH from the pituitary gland triggers ovulation, and after this event, the corpus luteum forms and begins to secrete increasing amounts of progesterone and estrogen.
Furthermore, in response to the hormonal regulation of the female reproductive cycle, GnRH (Gonadotropin-releasing hormone) secretion by the hypothalamus is actually inhibited by high levels of estrogen, contrary to being stimulated by high levels. This feedback mechanism helps regulate the menstrual cycle.