Final answer:
A sample where each individual has an equal chance of being chosen is classified as a random sample, which is essential for the representativeness of a study.
Step-by-step explanation:
If each individual has an equal chance of being chosen for your experiment, then your sample is classified as a random sample. Random sampling is a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included, which is crucial for the representativeness of the study. Examples of random sampling include simple random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, and systematic sampling. Using a random sample is effective because it ensures that everyone has the same chance of being part of the study, which helps to avoid bias and makes the sample representative of the population.