Final answer:
Classical conditioning is the form of conditioning that allows organisms to form anticipations about their environment by learning the association between two events or stimuli that occur together, such as in Pavlov's dog experiment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The form of conditioning that explains how organisms form anticipations about their environment is classical conditioning. In classical conditioning, organisms learn to associate two events or stimuli that occur together. This associative learning process allows for the anticipation of events in the future based on their past occurrences. An example of classical conditioning is the famous experiment by Pavlov, where dogs learned to associate the sound of a bell with food, leading to salivation in anticipation of food whenever the bell rang. Another example is the case of Little Albert, who was conditioned to fear a white rat, and then generalized that fear to other furry white objects, an example of stimulus generalization. This differs from operant conditioning, where an organism learns to associate a behavior with its consequences.