Final answer:
Equity theory is the motivation theory that proposes that perceptions of fairness affect worker motivation, highlighting the importance of a fair balance between the inputs a worker brings to a job and the outcomes they receive. It is supported by research studies demonstrating the effects of perceived fairness on motivation and behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
The motivation theory that proposes that perceptions of fairness directly affect worker motivation is known as equity theory. Equity theory emphasizes that individuals seek to maintain a fair balance between the inputs they bring to a job (such as skill level, effort, and adaptability) and the outcomes they receive (like salary, benefits, and recognition). When workers perceive an imbalance in this ratio compared to others, they may experience demotivation, leading to decreased productivity or even unethical behavior, such as the stealing observed in Greenberg's 1993 study on the importance of procedural justice. Furthermore, equity theory aligns with findings from other research, such as the work of Deci (1972) on intrinsic motivation and inequity, which noted that extrinsic reinforcements and perceptions of inequity can impact motivation. Also, the just-world hypothesis can relate to workplace perceptions, as it implies that people believe hard work results in positive outcomes, thereby suggesting that fairness in workplace procedures and rewards is expected for effort expended.