Question

This 1648 peace agreement ending the Thirty Years War recognized for the first time the independence of Switzerland and the Netherlands.

a) Treaty of Versailles
b) Treaty of Utrecht
c) Peace of Westphalia
d) Treaty of Tilsit

Answer 1

The 1648 peace agreement that recognized the independence of Switzerland and the Netherlands is the Peace of Westphalia.

Step-by-step explanation:

The 1648 peace agreement that ended the Thirty Years' War and recognized the independence of Switzerland and the Netherlands is the Peace of Westphalia. This treaty not only concluded one of the most devastating wars in European history but also established the concept of state sovereignty within the Holy Roman Empire, leading to a new order in central Europe. The independence of the various entities, including those in Switzerland and the Netherlands, within the formerly vast Holy Roman Empire was recognized, creating a foundation for modern statehood and international law.