Final answer:
Communication between animal cells is achieved through structures called gap junctions, tight junctions, and desmosomes. Gap junctions enable the passage of small molecules, tight junctions form watertight seals, and desmosomes provide mechanical strength. Plants utilize plasmodesmata for intercellular communication.
Step-by-step explanation:
The special structures that form the communication channels between animal cells are called gap junctions, tight junctions, and desmosomes. Gap junctions are vital for allowing substances like ions and nutrients to pass directly between cells, facilitating intercellular communication. Tight junctions create a watertight seal, preventing the leakage of extracellular fluid across a layer of epithelial cells. Desmosomes act like spot welds that hold cells together and provide mechanical strength to tissues.
In contrast to animal cells, plant cells are equipped with plasmodesmata. These are channels that cross the cell walls of adjacent plant cells, forming an extensive communication network within the plant by allowing the passage of small molecules.