Final answer:
The limbic system is responsible for complex mental functions and works with the amygdala in emotional processing, encompassing key structures like the hippocampus and amygdala which are critical in memory and emotional responses.
Step-by-step explanation:
The structure responsible for complex mental functions and that works together with the amygdala in emotional processing is part of the limbic system. The limbic system includes several key components such as the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, and the cingulate gyrus. This system is integral in regulating emotion, as well as behaviors related to fear and motivation. The hippocampus and amygdala within the limbic system play a crucial role in memory formation and emotional response.
The hippocampus is also involved in mediating emotional response and memory. Meanwhile, the amygdala has been shown to be essential both for the sensation of fear and for recognizing fearful faces. Furthermore, increased amygdala activity has been associated with learning to fear and is observed in individuals who are at risk for, or suffering from, mood and anxiety disorders.