Final answer:
The option that best represents biological factors influencing hunger is 'a. insulin, leptin, orexin'. These are hormones and neurotransmitters that give signals related to hunger and satiety, which is part of the biological mechanisms regulating appetite and food intake.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hunger and Biological Factors
Hunger is influenced by a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors. The biological factors that regulate hunger primarily include hormones and neurotransmitters that send signals to the brain indicating hunger or fullness. Specifically, these factors include insulin which regulates blood sugar levels, leptin which is responsible for inhibiting hunger, and orexin which is involved in triggering hunger. Other significant biological factors include ghrelin, which stimulates appetite, and various genetic predispositions that affect individual metabolism and risk for eating disorders .For the multiple-choice question provided, the option that best represents biological factors influencing hunger is a. insulin, leptin, orexin. The other options list factors that are related to psychological influences (like self-esteem and mood), social-cultural factors (such as cultural preferences for food and norms about body weight), and a third option with a typo—'arwen' and 'haldir' are not recognized biological terms related to hunger.