Final answer:
Malcolm X pointed out that African Americans have been misled by societal forces into self-hatred. As a member of the Nation of Islam, he advocated for black empowerment and self-determination against white racism. Later, he emphasized the use of ballots rather than violence to achieve racial equality.
Step-by-step explanation:
Malcolm X has been known to say that African Americans have been misled by the media, society, and the educational system, which he believed contributed to a sense of self-hate. He challenged his audience by asking, "Who taught you to hate yourself?" This was in reference to the way black children were brought up to be ashamed of their history, culture, and their physical appearance, something he attributed to the pervasive nature of white racism. Malcolm X, a vocal minister and member of the Nation of Islam (NOI), spoke about the detrimental effects of racism and was a proponent of black empowerment and self-determination. His departure from NOI and subsequent shift towards the end of his life marked a change in his perspective on racial integration and violence, with a newfound commitment to ballots over bullets as a means for change.