Final answer:
The Great Compromise resolved the debate over congressional representation by creating a bicameral legislature with the House of Representatives based on population and the Senate with equal state representation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Great Compromise ultimately combined the two plans for representation and created the United States Congress. This compromise was the result of debates at the Constitutional Convention over whether to follow the Virginia Plan, which proposed a bicameral legislature with representation based on population, or the New Jersey Plan, favoring equal representation for each state. The Great Compromise, suggested by Roger Sherman of Connecticut, established a bicameral legislature with the House of Representatives based on population and the Senate providing equal representation for all states, thus catering to the interests of both large and small states.