Final answer:
Pathophysiological diseases related to JG cells dysfunction include Cushing Syndrome due to hypersecretion of cortisol often resulting from a pituitary tumor and Addison's Disease due to hyposecretion of adrenal hormones, possibly linked to JG cell damage.
Step-by-step explanation:
Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells are specialized cells in the kidneys that help regulate blood pressure by secreting renin, an enzyme that influences blood volume and vascular resistance. Dysfunctions of JG cells can lead to various pathophysiological diseases.
Cushing Syndrome and Cushing Disease can arise from excess production of cortisol, often due to a pituitary tumor secreting adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which indirectly leads to overstimulation of adrenal glands by JG cells.
Addison's Disease is characterized by the hyposecretion of adrenal hormones, which may result from damaged JG cells failing to appropriately regulate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, leading to a deficiency of cortisol and aldosterone.
Metabolic diseases related to JG cell dysfunction are severe, as JG cells play a crucial role in maintaining blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and overall fluid balance in the body, impacting cardiovascular and renal health.