Final answer:
The sudden loss of breath caused by rapid skin stimulation from pain or cold is known as the gasp reflex, which is a quick, involuntary inhalation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The temporary loss of breath due to sudden painful or cold stimulation to the skin is known as a gasp reflex. This reflex is not typically associated with the constriction and tightening of the airway like in asthma, nor is it a result of a swollen throat or a severe drop in blood pressure as may occur during a choking incident or allergic reaction. Instead, the gasp reflex is a sudden, involuntary intake of air, which can happen when the skin is exposed to a cold shock or you experience something unexpectedly painful.